Work in confined spaces is dangerous because the work area is not designed to be continuously occupied by workers and /or life-threatening dangers exist. For example, large heat exchangers, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits, manholes, tunnels, equipment housings, ductwork, pipelines, etc. just to name a few. Other dangers include hazardous air quality, engulfment by materials, entrapment, exposed machinery or wiring, and heat exposure. Employers are required to take these dangers seriously, establish confined space teams and safety protocols, and provide proper training to ensure worker